The Naming of Evil
Sovereignty, Security and Unlawful Warfare
DOI :
https://doi.org/10.5347/isonomia.v0i54.433Mots-clés :
mal, guerrre, terrorisme, ISIS, Etat islamique, droit international, politique, philosophieRésumé
Nommer le mal : souveraineté, sécurité et guerre illégale
Cet article défend l'importance fondamentale de "nommer le mal" comme une opération constitutive du discours politique moderne. Pour atteindre cet objectif, l'article attire d'abord l'attention sur la manière dont les discours institutionnels et publics mondiaux, et apparemment consensuels, ont défini l'État islamique d'Irak et de Syrie (ISIS) comme une forme contemporaine du "mal" et sur la manière dont la communauté internationale a conçu son positionnement vis-à-vis de cette entité. S'appuyant sur cette analyse et sur l'histoire des premières luttes modernes contre les pirates et les "ennemis de l'humanité", l'article montre que la modernité politique n'a pas réussi à effacer la pratique "archaïque" consistant à nommer le mal; au contraire, elle s'est constamment appuyée sur elle. Pour étayer cette affirmation, l'article identifie les modèles discursifs et les effets pratiques de la dénomination du mal, et souligne la relation ambivalente entre la dénomination du mal et la souveraineté et la sécurité en tant que pierres angulaires de la modernité politique. L'article conclut en abordant la question de savoir si, et dans quelle mesure, le concept du mal peut être critiqué et écarté, comme le soutiennent certains chercheurs.
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