Towards a Critical Politics of Hospitality? Cosmopolitanism in and beyond Kant
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5347/isonomia60/2024/700Palavras-chave:
asilo, colonialismo, cosmopolitismo, crítica, hospitalidade, KantResumo
Para uma política crítica de hospitalidade: Cosmopolitismo em e além de Kant
A teoria do cosmopolitismo de Kant faz da exigência ética da hospitalidade uma condição para a realização de qualquer direito. Dado que uma comunidade de interação possível, isto é, o comércio (commercium) e o reconhecimento mútuo das liberdades estão na base de qualquer associação política – tal como estão, numa escala maior, na base da coexistência de quaisquer comunidades políticas – constituem a relação primária em que se baseia o dever de hospitalidade. Por isso, a teoria do cosmopolitismo de Kant é uma teoria da institucionalização da hospitalidade. No entanto, embora a institucionalização das exigências morais em geral comprometa a sua força crítica, Kant oferece uma teoria jurídica da hospitalidade que reforça a sua dimensão crítica e política. Para além de Kant, a hospitalidade pode ser desenvolvida como uma justificação para o confronto público, por parte dos cidadãos, contra qualquer política pública favorecida pelos seus governos que contrarie o princípio da reciprocidade através de práticas de dominação, tanto a nível nacional como internacional. Ligada a um sentido de justiça à escala global, a hospitalidade abre uma reflexão sobre as obrigações e responsabilidades que os membros da sociedade têm quando os seus governantes perseguem agendas imperialistas. O cosmopolitismo de Kant pode então ser desenvolvido como cosmopolitismo crítico ou política crítica de hospitalidade.
Referências
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