Rights of Conquest, Discovery and Occupation, and the Freedom of the Seas
a Genealogy of Natural Resource Injustice
DOI :
https://doi.org/10.5347/isonomia.v0i54.417Mots-clés :
conquête, colonisation, mer libre, ressources naturelles, injusticeRésumé
Les droits de conquête, de découverte et d'occupation, et la liberté des mers : une généalogie de l'injustice en matière de ressources naturelles
Cet article analyse les origines coloniales de trois principes du droit international : le droit de conquête, le droit de découverte et d'occupation, et la liberté des mers. Je soutient que chacun de ces droits a été établi en tant que principe juridique international pour faciliter la colonisation de peuples lointains, de leurs territoires et de leurs terres, et afin d'accumuler leurs ressources naturelles. L'article examine comment ces droits ont été justifiés, quel ensemble de pouvoirs et d'immunités exclusifs ils conféraient, et comment ils sont liés à trois régimes juridiques modernes distincts de droits sur l'espace naturel et ses ressources : la souveraineté territoriale, les droits de propriété privée sur les terres étrangères, et le patrimoine maritime mondial. Tout en exposant les origines moralement arbitraires de chacun de ces principes de droit international, qui reflètent les conditions et les objectifs spécifiques de projets coloniaux particuliers, je soutiens également que les régimes des droits sur les ressources naturelles qu'ils ont institutionnalisés sont convergents dans le sens où ils ont permis une appropriation et une exploitation injustes des ressources naturelles. L'article souligne également la manière dont la logique et le fonctionnement de ces régimes continuent de façonner l'utilisation injuste des ressources naturelles à ce jour."
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