Los problemas probatorios de la injusticia testimonial en el derecho
DOI :
https://doi.org/10.5347/isonomia.59/2023.653Mots-clés :
partialité judiciaire subjective, déloyauté des témoignages, biais implicites, mesures implicites, crédibilité des témoinsRésumé
Les problèmes probatoires de l'injustice testimoniale en droit
L'une des formes les plus courantes et les moins étudiées de biais judiciaire subjectif est la diminution de la crédibilité accordée à un témoin en raison d'un préjudice identitaire implicite de la part de l'agent judiciaire. En épistémologie sociale, ce phénomène a été étudié sous la rubrique de l'injustice testimoniale. Dans cet essai, nous montrons que pour déterminer l'occurrence d'un cas d'injustice testimoniale en droit, il faut réunir trois conditions impossibles à vérifier empiriquement et basées sur des hypothèses psychologiques qui ont été remises en question ces dernières années. Sans la possibilité de vérifier ces conditions, nous sommes confrontés à un type de biais judiciaire indétectable. Au lieu de cela, nous proposons une nouvelle compréhension de l'injustice testimoniale en droit comme un phénomène plus général qui décrit une tendance comportementale préjudiciable récurrente de la part d'un agent judiciaire. Ainsi comprise, l'injustice testimoniale est entièrement vérifiable.
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