Los problemas probatorios de la injusticia testimonial en el derecho
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5347/isonomia.59/2023.653Palavras-chave:
enviesamento judicial subjetivo, injustiça testemunhal, preconceitos implícitos, medidas implícitas, credibilidade das testemunhasResumo
Os problemas probatórios da injustiça testemunhal no direito
Uma das formas mais comuns e menos estudadas de enviesamento judicial subjetivo é a diminuição da credibilidade conferida a uma testemunha devido a um preconceito identitário implícito do agente judicial. Na epistemologia social, este fenómeno tem sido estudado sob a rubrica “injustiça testemunhal”. Neste artigo mostramos que para determinar a ocorrência de um caso de injustiça testemunhal no direito, devem ser satisfeitas três condições que são impossíveis de verificar empiricamente e que se baseiam em pressupostos psicológicos que têm sido questionados nos últimos anos. Sem a possibilidade de verificar essas condições, estamos diante de uma espécie de enviesamento judicial indetetável. Como alternativa, oferecemos uma nova forma de compreender a injustiça testemunhal no direito como um fenómeno mais geral que descreve uma tendência comportamental preconceituosa recorrente por parte de um oficial de justiça. Entendida desta forma, a injustiça testemunhal é plenamente verificável.
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