Rethinking Responsibility in a Planetary Age; or, Facing the Anthropocene with Hans Jonas and Bruno Latour
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5347/isonomia.59/2023.656Palavras-chave:
Hans Jonas, Bruno Latour, responsabilidade, justiça, mudança climática, AntropocenoResumo
Repensar a responsabilidade numa era planetária; ou, enfrentar o Antropoceno com Hans Jonas e Bruno Latour
Este artigo defende que a chegada do Antropoceno exige uma mudança no significado e alcance da ideia de responsabilidade. Baseando-me em Hans Jonas e Bruno Latour, defendo que a responsabilidade é uma característica definidora da humanidade que, no entanto, é assombrada pelo seu oposto. Se ser responsável é principalmente ser recetivo ao Outro, então a cultura da “responsabilidade pessoal” que prevalece hoje é uma traição tanto à humanidade como à Terra. Quando Jonas formulou tais ideias em 1979, o “sistema Terra” não era nem um campo de estudo científico nem uma questão de preocupação existencial. Poucos académicos o levaram a sério. No entanto, os recentes desenvolvimentos no pensamento científico, jurídico e ambiental validaram a sua visão. Para testar esta hipótese, volto a Latour, que foi um leitor atento – e crítico – de Jonas. Ambos os pensadores consideraram a crença modernista segundo a qual apenas os humanos são fontes de reivindicações morais válidas como um erro que deve ser corrigido. À medida que a Terra “reage” hoje às nossas intervenções com eventos climáticos extremos e doenças zoonóticas, a sua mensagem ressoa em círculos cada vez mais amplos. O Antropoceno perturba uma era em que apenas alguns humanos tinham permissão para falar. Agora devemos aprender a ouvir e responder aos outros seres vivos e às gerações futuras. Defendo que esta capacidade está no cerne dos regimes emergentes de responsabilidade planetária.
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